Flood hazard, as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), refers to the possibility of a flood event that could cause harm to people or damage to property.
The Optimistic scenario shows the lowest level of flood hazard estimated from multiple model simulations, the Conservative scenario shows the highest level, and the Best Case scenario represents the most reliable and validated estimate of flood hazard. The high (orange) and very high (red) hazard hinders the normal functioning of the human beings and Infrastructure. The population exposure maps are prepared at 0.05° resolution representing exposure to high and very high hazard zones.
Disclaimer
Maps are generated at coarse resolution of 0.05° (~5x5 km) for 1-in-100-year event. Accuracy and inferences at finer scales or urban regions should be drawn with caution. Further work to refine the maps are still ongoing.
Publication Reference
Parmar, J., & Karmakar, S. (2025). A multi-scenario framework for quantifying flood hazard and exposure accounting for runoff-driven uncertainty in global flood models. Science of The Total Environment, 1000, 180381. Link to Article