Laxmeesha Somappa

Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay

Publications

Journals

  1. Surya Varchasvi Devaraj, Reddygari Bhupal Dheeraj, Khalid Shaikh, Parth Makode, Monika, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A PLL-based capacitance-to-voltage (C-to-V) converter for permittivity measurement sensors," Microelectronics Journal, vol 163, 2025
  2. Shreyas Deshmukh, Raghav Singhal ,Shruti Landge, Vivek Saraswat, Anmol Biswas, Abhishek Kadam, Ajay K. Singh, Sreenivas Subramoney, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Udayan Ganguly, "Analog and Temporary On-chip Memory for ANN Training and Inference," ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems, vol 21, 2025
  3. Sadan Saquib Khan, Pratyush Kumar Padhi, Shufali Ashraf Wani, Meraj Ahmad, Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, "An Embedded Auto-Calibrated Offset Current Compensation Technique for PPG/fNIRS System," IEEE Embedded Systems Letters, vol-, 2025
  4. Anal Prakash Sharma, K Akhilesh Rao and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Hardware Optimization and Implementation of a 16-Channel Neural Tree Classifier for on-chip Closed-Loop Neuromodulation," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol-19, 2025
  5. Shubham Patil, Abhishek Kadam, Jay Sonawane, Shreyas Deshmukh, R Gaurav, Ajay Kumar Singh, Sandip Lashkare, Veeresh Deshpande, Laxmeesha Somappa and Udayan Ganguly, "Area and Energy-Efficient Quantum Tunneling-Based Thermal Sensor on 45nm RFSOI Technology," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol-71, 2024
  6. Abhishek A Kadam, Shubham Patil, Ajay K Singh, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Udayan Ganguly and Laxmeesha Somappa, "A 42.3 μm2 Band to Band Tunneling-Based Oscillator Enabled Temperature to Digital Converter With Resolution FoM of 0.16 pJK2 for Embedded Temperature Sensing," IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters, vol-7, 2024
  7. Ekta Sharma, Meraj Ahmad, Anwar Ulla Khan, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Hadi Heidari and Shahid Malik, "Current-Excitation Based ΔR-to-Frequency Converter for Resistive Sensors," IEEE Sensors Journal, 2024
  8. Mohamad Idris Wani, Sadan Saquib Khan, Benish Jan, Meraj Ahmad, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Laxmeesha Somappa and Shahid Malik, "Design analysis and experimental validation of relaxation oscillator-based circuit for R–C sensors," IOP Science Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 34, 2024
  9. Abhishek A Kadam, Ajay K Singh, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini and Udayan Ganguly, "A compact and ultra-low-power low-pass filter based on band-to-band tunneling effect," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 70, 2023
  10. Raghav Singhal, Vivek Saraswat, Shreyas Deshmukh, Sreenivas Subramoney, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini and Udayan Ganguly, "Enhanced regularization for on-chip training using analog and temporary memory weights," Neural Networks (ScienceDirect), vol.165, 2023
  11. Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "Continuous-Time Hybrid Delta-Sigma Modulators for Sub-uW Power Multichannel Biomedical Applications," IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 30, no. 4, pp.406-417, April 2022
  12. Shahid Malik, Kaushal Kishore, Laxmeesha Somappa, Sandip Lashkare, S.A. Akbar and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Dual-Slope-Based Capacitance-to-Time Signal Conditioning Circuit for Leaky Capacitive Sensors," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 70, pp. 1-8, 2021
  13. Gaurav Saini, Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A 500 nW to 1 mW Input Power Inductive Boost Converter with MPPT for RF Energy Harvesting System," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 5261-5271, Oct. 2021
  14. Shahid Malik, Laxmeesha Somappa, Meraj Ahmad, Tarikul Islam and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "An accurate digital converter for lossy capacitive sensor," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 331, pp. 112958, 2021
  15. Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A 400 mV 160 nW/Ch Compact Energy Effecient Delta-Sigma Modulator for Multichannel Biopotential Signal Acquisition System," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 765-776, Aug. 2021
  16. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, Shuchin Aeron, Sameer S. Sonkusale and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "High Resolution Frequency Measurement Techniques for Relaxation Oscillator Based Capacitive Sensors," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 13394-13404, June. 2021
  17. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, Meraj Ahmed, Khan M. Ehsan, Aatha M. Shaikh, Deepak Berwal, Sameer S. Sonkusale and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "Design and Development of a Robotic Hand with Embedded Sensors Using 3D Printing Technology," Springer Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, vol. 6, pp. 273-281, June 2021
  18. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shuchin Aeron, Adarsh G. Menon, Sameer S. Sonkusale, Ashwin A. Seshia and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "On Quantized Analog Compressive Sensing Methods for Efficient Resonator Frequency Estimation," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 4556-4565, Dec 2020
  19. Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A 300-mV Auto Shutdown Comparator-Based Continuous Time Delta-Sigma Modulator," IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1920-1924, Aug. 2020
  20. Shahid Malik, Laxmeesha Somappa, Meraj Ahmad and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "AN-C2V: An Auto-Nulling Bridge-Based Signal Conditioning Circuit for Leaky Capacitive Sensors," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 6432-6440, June 2020
  21. Shahid Malik, Meraj Ahmad, Laxmeesha Somappa, Tarikul Islam and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "AN-Z2V: Auto-Nulling Based Multi-Mode Signal Conditioning Circuit for R-C Sensors," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 8763-8772, Nov 2020
  22. Laxmeesha Somappa, Adarsh G. Menon, Ajay K. Singh, Ashwin A. Seshia and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Portable System with 0.1 ppm RMSE Resolution for 1-10 MHz Resonant MEMS Frequency Measurement," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 7146-7157, Sept. 2020
  23. Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Compact Fully Passive Loop Filter-Based Continuous Time Delta Sigma Modulator for Multi-Channel Biomedical Applications," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 590-599, Feb. 2020
  24. Shahid Malik, Meraj Ahmad, Laxmeesha Somappa, Tarikul Islam and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "Impedance-to-Time Converter Circuit for Leaky Capacitive Sensors With Small Offset Capacitance," IEEE Sensors Letters, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 1-4, July 2019

Conferences

  1. Meher Adbol*, Deeksha Singh*, Lakshmi K Iyer and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Multiplier-Less TEO-Based Efficient Spike Detection ICs for Implantable Brain-Machine Interfaces," IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2025
  2. Lakshmi K Iyer, Naman Taneja, Nivethida Thirugnanasambandam and Laxmeesha Somappa, "An Energy Efficient Reconfigurable Neural Processor for Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease," IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2025
  3. Tarun Choudhary, Lakshmi K Iyer and Laxmeesha Somappa, "A 16-Channel TDM Spectral Feature Extraction Using IIR Filter for Closed-loop Neuromodulation," IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), Busan, Korea, 2025
  4. Shanmugam S, Ankur Gupta and Laxmeesha Somappa, "A Comparative Study of Adaptive Channel Selection for Resource-Constrained On-Chip Seizure Detection," IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), Busan, Korea, 2025
  5. Naef Ahmed, Sandip Lashkare, Laxmeesha Somappa, "On the ESD Protection for 10V-Compliant Neural Stimulator in 65nm CMOS Technology," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), United Kingdom, 2025
  6. Lakshmi Iyer, Arpit Bal, Laxmeesha Somappa, "Calibration-Enhanced 16-Channel On-Chip Seizure Classifier using Gated Recurrent Network," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), United Kingdom, 2025
  7. Nirmal Shah, Jayatika Sakhuja, Udayan Ganguly, Sandip Lashkare, Laxmeesha Somappa, "A Hardware-Software Co-Design Platform to Evaluate SNN Workloads for ReRAM-based IMC," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), United Kingdom, 2025
  8. Nirmal Shah, Jayatika Sakhuja, Udayan Ganguly, Sandip Lashkare, Laxmeesha Somappa, "A Neuromodulation-based Spiking Neural Network using ReRAM Array," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), United Kingdom, 2025
  9. Abhishek A Kadam, Shreyas Deshmukh, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Udayan Ganguly, "Band to Band Tunneling-Based Low Power and Low Area Tunable Spike Delay Element," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), United Kingdom, 2025
  10. Abhinav Thaduri, Abhishek A Kadam, Laxmeesha Somappa, Udayan Ganguly, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A 0.93 nW/node Ultra-Low Power Oscillatory Neural Network using BTBT-based Oscillators," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), United Kingdom, 2025
  11. Abhishek A Kadam, Ajay K Singh, A Patil, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Udayan Ganguly, "Silicon on Insulator: A Versatile Platform for Neuromorphic Computing Using Quantum Tunneling in Standard CMOS Devices," IEEE International VLSI Symposium on Technology, Systems and Applications (VLSI TSA), Taiwan, 2025
  12. Tanay Das, Naef Ahmed, Laxmeesha Somappa, Sandip Lashkare, "Enhanced ESD Protection Techniques for 10V Neurostimulator Circuits in 65nm CMOS Technology," IEEE Electron Devices Technology & Manufacturing Conference (EDTM), Hong Kong, 2025
  13. Arpit Bal, Aayush Shrivastava and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Performance Evaluation of Chopping and Auto-Zeroing based Time-Division Multiplexed High-Density Analog Front-End for Neural Recording," IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), Xi'an, China, 2024
  14. Aksh Garg, Tejas Amritkar, Saravanan Vijayakumaran and Laxmeesha Somappa, "A Cryptographic Security Engine With Sequence Tracker for Implantable Neural Stimulation Devices," IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), Xi'an, China, 2024
  15. Shantanu Singh Baliyan, Anshul Thakur and Laxmeesha Somappa, "On-chip Data Compression Techniques for High-Density Implantable Neural Recording," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Singapore, 2024
  16. Hitesh Kumar Sahu, Emon Sarkar, Pushkar Sathe and Laxmeesha Somappa, "All-Digital High-Resolution Frequency Measurement SoC for Rapid MEMS Readouts," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Singapore, 2024
  17. Anal Prakash Sharma and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Hardware Implementation of a 16 Channel 0.16 μJ/class Neural Tree for on-chip Seizure Detection," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Singapore, 2024
  18. Atharva Raut, Abhishek A Kadam, Ajay K Singh, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini and Udayan Ganguly, "A sub-100 nW Power, Compact CTDSM with a Band-To-Band Tunnelling Loop Filter," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Singapore, 2024
  19. R Gaurav, Abhishek A Kadam, Ajay K Singh, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini and Udayan Ganguly, "A Compact 140nW/input Winner-Take-All Circuit for Spiking Neural Networks," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Singapore, 2024
  20. Lakshmi Iyer and Laxmeesha Somappa, "A 16-Channel GRU based On-Chip Seizure Classifier for Closed Loop Neuromodulation," IEEE International Conference on AI Circuits and Systems (AICAS), Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2024
  21. Shreyas Deshmukh, Shubham Patil, Anmol Biswas, Vivek Saraswat, Abhishek Kadam, Ajay K Singh, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini and Udayan Ganguly, "Resistive Processing Unit-based On-chip ANN Training with Digital Memory," IEEE International Conference on AI Circuits and Systems (AICAS), Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2024
  22. Surya Varchasvi Devaraj, Khalid Shaikh, Reddygari Bhupal Dheeraj, Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "SoilgSenS 30.2: An Affordable ASIC-based Portable Soil Moisture Sensor Module," IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), Goa, 2024
  23. Sagar Mahajan, Poulami Mandal and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Low Precision Floating Point Spectral Feature Extraction Engine for Closed-Loop Neuromodulation," IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), Hyderabad, 2023
  24. Pushkar Sathe, Ajay Verma and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Efficient CORDIC Architectures for FFT Based All Digital Resonator Frequency Estimation," IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), Hyderabad, 2023
  25. Hitesh Kumar Sahu, Emon Sarkar and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Implementation of FFT Using Low-Precision Floating Point for Rapid High Precision MEMS Readouts," IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), Hyderabad, 2023
  26. K Akhilesh Rao and Laxmeesha Somappa, "An 8-Channel TDM Spectral Feature Extraction for Neuromodulation SoC," IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), Hyderabad, 2023
  27. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, Shuchin Aeron, Sameer Sonkusale and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Compressed Sensing-based Resolution Reconfigurable Multi-Channel Sensor Node," IEEE Sensors Conference, Vienna, Austria, 2023
  28. Mehreeq Mushtaq, Mohammad Idris Wani, Sadan Saquib, Meraj Ahmad, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Hadi Heidari and Shahid Malik, "Mismatch and offset-voltage compensation technique for current excitation based resistive sensors interface," IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS), Edinburgh, Scotland, 2023
  29. Abhishek A Kadam, Anmol Biswas, Vivek Saraswat, Ajay K Singh, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam Shojaei Baghini and Udayan Ganguly, "Real-world performance estimation of liquid state machines for spoken digit classification," International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Queensland, Australia, 2023
  30. Emon Sarkar, Hitesh Sahu, Khalid Shaikh and Laxmeesha Somappa, "On the Implementation of Data Security for Neurostimulation Devices," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), California, USA, 2023
  31. Shreyas Deshmukh, Vivek Saraswat, Venkatesh Gopinath, Rajesh Nair, Laxmeesha Somappa, Maryam S Baghini and Udayan Ganguly, "ANN Inference enabled by Variability Mitigation using 2T-1R Bit Cell-based Design Space Analysis," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), California, USA, 2023
  32. Sumit Kumar, Sadan Saquib Khan, Rohan Patil, Meraj Ahmad, Laxmeesha Somappa and Shahid Malik, "Development and validation of offset current compensation technique for optical sensors," IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), Bengaluru, 2023
  33. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "Software Reconfigurable Frequency Readouts with Coarse Voltage Quantizers for Sensor Applications," IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), Bengaluru, 2023
  34. Rohan Patil, Mohamad Idris Wani, Tarikul Islam, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, Laxmeesha Somappa and Shahid Malik, "Comparative Study and Experimental Validation of Phase-Sensitive-Detection Techniques for Sensor Lock-in Amplifiers," IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), Bengaluru, 2023
  35. Surya Varchasvi Devaraj, Khalid Shaikh, Vidushi Gaur, Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "Design and characterization methodology of capacitive sensors for soil moisture sensing applications," IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), Bengaluru, 2023
  36. Vidushi Gaur, Surya Varchasvi Devaraj, Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "An all-MOSFET 69 ppm/° C Wide Range Programmable Current Reference with PV Insensitive Temperature Compensation," IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), Glasgow, UK, 2022
  37. Uisub Shin, Laxmeesha Somappa, Cong Ding, Yashwanth Vyza, Bingzhao Zhu, Alix Trouillet, Stephanie P Lacour, Mahsa Shoaran, "A 256-Channel 0.227µJ/class Versatile Brain Activity Classification and Closed-Loop Neuromodulation SoC with 0.004mm2-1.51 µW/channel Fast-Settling Highly Multiplexed Mixed-Signal Front-end," IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2022
  38. Uisub Shin, Cong Ding, Laxmeesha Somappa, Virginia Woods, Alik S Widge, Mahsa Shoaran, "A 16-channel 60µw neural synchrony processor for multi-mode phase-locked neurostimulation," IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), 2022
  39. Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Sub-uW Power 10 bit Delta-Sigma ADC for Biomedical Applications," IEEE Mid-West Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), Springfield, MA, USA, 2020
  40. Laxmeesha Somappa and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A 345 nW Power Continuous Time Delta Sigma Modulator for Biomedical Applications," India Council International Conference (INDICON), New Delhi, India, 2020
  41. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, Meraj Ahmad, K. M. Ehsan, A. M Shaikh, K. M. Anas, Sameer S. Sonkusale and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A 3D Printed Robotic Finger with Embedded Tactile Pressure and Strain Sensor," IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS), Manchester, U.K, 2020
  42. Malar Chellasivalingam, Laxmeesha Somappa, Adam M.Boies, Maryam Shojaei Baghini and Ashwin A.Seshia, "MEMS Based Gravimetric Sensor for the Detection of Ultra-Fine Aerosol Particles," IEEE Sensors Conference, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2020
  43. Ajay K.Singh, Laxmeesha Somappa, Malar Chellasivalingam, Ashwin A.Seshia and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "Frequency Estimation for Resonant MEMS Sensors," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Seville, Spain, 2020
  44. Shahid Malik, Laxmeesha Somappa, Meraj Ahmad and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "An Accurate Auto-Tunable Quadrature-Phase Generator Circuit for Robust Sensing Applications," India Council International Conference (INDICON),New Delhi, India, 2020
  45. Meraj Ahmad, Shahid Malik, Laxmeesha Somappa, Sameer S. Sonkusale and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Flexible Dry ECG Patch for Heart Rate Variability Monitoring," IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS), Manchester, U.K, 2020
  46. Shahid Malik, Meraj Ahmad, Laxmeesha Somappa, Sameer S. Sonkusale and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "A Fringing Field Based Screen-Printed Flexible Capacitive Moisture and Water Level Sensor," IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS), Manchester, U.K, 2020

Books/Book Chapters

  1. Shahid Malik and Laxmeesha Somappa, "Analysis and design considerations of relaxation-oscillator-based flexible sensor circuits," Systems for Printed Flexible Sensors, IOP Publishing, Sep. 2022
  2. Laxmeesha Somappa and Shuchin Aeron, "Sampling and recovery of signals with spectral sparsity," Flexible bioelectronics with power autonomous sensing and data analytics, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, May 2022
  3. Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, and Maryam Shojaei Baghini, "Data Converters for Wearable Sensor Applications," Flexible bioelectronics with power autonomous sensing and data analytics, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, May 2022
  4. Laxmeesha Somappa and Shuchin Aeron, "Compressed Sensing," Flexible bioelectronics with power autonomous sensing and data analytics, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, May 2022